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Can you actually reverse aging for those of us
That are old enough to go to our twenty year thirty year old high school reunion
We know that if you were to go there some people look exactly like they did when they graduated high school
So they haven't changed since they were eighteen or is there
There ythe other people who you don't even recognize
And you look at them
You think i can't possibly be that old
We have an age that much
So we know inherently that people don't all age at the same rate
And some of us are going to be faster agers
And some of us are going to be slower agers
A lot of people are very concerned about the aging process
Because of what it does to our parents
But actually we know that aging starts on the inside
Because how can we actually quantify the aging ing cess
Cess eieither the soular molecular level
We think this is really critical
Because it probably has implications for their risk of in terase in the future
The remaining life
Expectancy and other things that we all care about in terms of our health
Ultimately the question is how do you become a slow ager
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What scientists think is that there are actually changes at the molecular solular level
That will differentiate how quickly people will age
And how they actually look on the outside
So people in the field have come up with what we might call hallmarks of beijing
So what are these different changes that we see tracking with aging
And also linking to the manifestations that all of us recognizes as part part of the aging process
One of these hallmarks that my lave in particular is very interested in is this concept of appi genetics
We all these genetics that are of of genea that gives rise to our different genens and api genetics is really
What i like to think of as the operating system of the cell is what gives each cell is different kind of defining characteristics and fanitpe
So even though the cells in your skin and the cells in your brain
Have essentially the exacsting dna
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What makes them different is the epigenome
It gives them theare overall function and structure one form of app genetics is called dna metholation
Scientists found that dn a metholation is changed
Quite traumatically with ageing and using things like machine learning
Nai
We've actually been able to predict how old someone appears based on dna methoilation
And this has been referred to as the eapi genetic clock
Which is basically just a way to tranquantify biological age based on either gains or losses in metholation at specific regions throughout the genome
We always think of the movie benjamin button
Where he aged in reverse
Ah
I don't know a scientifically that is possible
Especially at a whole body
Whole organissmall level
Although we do know that you can reverse the age of a sell
Every sel in our body has a very specific function
And this function is really dictated by the uppitgenome
The problem is that with aging the epagennum becomes remodeled either due to stress or random errors
And what this producis is that each cells actually ggoing a lose its identity and not function in the way was initially intended and over time
As more and more cells become dysununtional al you imagine ine
This would produce dysfunction at the organ level
And eventually at the whole system level
And the epigenome is highly dynamic these are things that can go
We think in both the directions
So you can increase apygenetic age
But we've also shown that you can actually reverse this in cells
Chiniyammonocha actually won the nobel prize for discovering four factors that can convert an old cell back into what looks like an embryonx stem cell and later as scientists were applying things like the app genetic clock to this data
We found that not only are you changing the cell type
But you're also a racing or essentially reversing and those app genetic changes that we'used to tranquantify biological age
We always thought aging really happen in one direction
And that the only thing you could really do
Was just slow the accumulation of this damage
But really what this reprogramming of the app genome tells us is that this is a lot more modifiy but elastic than we are originally new
So the question becomes how do you do this in a body
Can you actually program meles from all the app genetic state back into a younger app genetic stage
What does it actually mean for our physiology in our health
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Right now people are using the appigenetic clock as more of a diagnostic
As opposed to immeans to intervene
So people are using it as potentially
One indicator of how their aging overall give not a perfect inindicator
It can
Can give people some indication of their healststatus potentially
Thethey're overririsk developing different diseases of beijing
A lot of the changes
That cells overall with aging including changes the the ppy genome give rise to some diseases like cancer
So the risk of cancer increases exponentially with age
And we think some of this might be due to the types of changes that are measured
When we look at the f hgenome the reason
Why scientists are so excited about the idea of intervening in the aging process
Whether it be slowing the aging process or reversing the aging process is because we actually think that in doing so we can stop all of the different changes that are giving rise to the diseases
That we care about so rather than going after one disease at a time in having one type of science aimed at trying to cure cancer and another aimed at diabetes
If we actually could reverse or slow aging
We could basically eliminate didiseasor at least ast postonone diseases across the board
So are we going to solve death
And will the effigenen and o'clock help us get there
My thinking is we probabably not not llve death
And this actually shoudn't be our goal
What our hope is
It is that
This are just postpone disease
But we're not going to quote cheer aging or cheer death
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