本字幕由TME AI技术生成
allrightsogetthisweredivingdeepintomalhamgladbolsbrainnewbook
revengeofthetippingpointwhoexcitedyouknowgladwellrightalwayssittinguswiththosecrazyinsightsabouthowlikethesmallestthingscanleadtomassivechangeslikelikebutterfyeffect
exactlybutuhthisbbookstatakingevenfurtherarmingchaptertitleslikethreepuzzles
thesocialengineers
theoverstory
itslikehessettingupamysterynovelorsomethingitreallydidithinkgotagreatwaytodescribeitislikehesinvitingustosolvethispuzzle
exongongright
andiamsohereforitokaysoletsstartwithpuzzlenumberonechapteroneiscalledkasparandseadog
whichalreadysoundsfascinatedyeahthatdefinitelycaughtmyeyetoososoitsaboutthisbankrobbery
epidemicthathitlostangelesintheeightiesandnineyears
imeancanyoubelievethisatonepoint
theresabankrobberyhappeningeveryfortyfiveminutes
thatsinsane
maybeishardtoevenmamaineine
iknowitscrazyright
whatifindreallyinterestingthoughisthatthiswasntjustsomerandomcrimewave
youknowglad
willbringsupthisconceptofsmallareaofvariation
wherecertainbehaveyearsarsortds
dskindofbecomesuperconcentratedinveryspecificplaces
halikeahotspotforcrimeexactlylikeahotspot
anditmakesyouwonderlikewhyLAoneanewyorkerchicago
youknowyeahthatsaquestion
whatwasitaboutLAthatmadeitlikethebankrobbery
capitaloftheworldforawhilewellgladwellpointstoafewdifferentthings
hetalksabouttheinfluenceofthesekeyplayers
hesalmostlargerthanlifefiguresliketheyankeeandedandkasperate
oh yeah
ireadabouttheyankeeandandtheguywhowouldsaypleaseandthankthankyouwanankeebank
yeah
inthat
whileitslikeheturnedcrimeintoperformancearetotallyandthecrazythingishewasincrediblysuccessful
whichcourseinspiredabunchofimitatators
guyslikecasasperandseadogwhotookittoawholeotherlevel
rightlytheywereforminggamesandstuff
exactlyrecruitingteenagersandcreatingthismassivenetworkofyoungrobbers
itwaslikeaweirdtwistofmentorshipprogram
thatsjustcrazy
soitslikethiscombinationoffactors
thatsthesecharismaticleaders
specificculturalcontext
maybeevensomethingassimpleasthelayoutofthecityallcomingtogethertocreatethislikeperfectstormforbankrobberies
itsfascinatinghowalltheseseeminglytheunrelatedthingscanconvergelikethattotallyandMRTseeinghowglad
wellisweavingintheideaofthetippingpoint
noabsolutelyhesentusupforsomethingbig
itmakesyouthinkthoughwhatarethoseseeminglyinsignificantfactors
thatareshapingourownenvironments
ourownbehaviorsarewealljustproductsoftheseinvisibleforces
nowthatsadeepquestion
okay
maybealittletoodeep
rightnowletsgoontopuzzlenumbertwochaptertudetakesustomiamiandtheworldofmedicare
fraud oh
yeah
medcarefraud
thatsawholeofthecanofwarms
rightknowrightrightheardaboutitofcourse
butineverreallyunderstoodhowillworkedfillmeinwellthischapterfocusesonphililippseformsabusinessman
whobuiltthiswholehealthcareempire
butthenendedup
becominglikethemastermindbehindoneofthebiggestmedicarefradschemesinhistoryseriouslyhowmuchmoneyarewetalkingaboutclionsofdollars
logerycarsacrazylavisedfefeyle
itslikeastorystraightofamovie
itswildwoulddrivespeopletodothatkindofstuffgreedmostlyyeah
butgladwellintroducedthisconceptofoverstoryinthischapter
whichisessentiallytheculturalbackdrotheunspokenrulesandnormsthatkindofshape
howpeoplebehavesolikethecultureofmiamiplayedaroleinthis
thatswhatgladwellsuggests
hearguesthatmiamihasthishistoryofcorruption
thisattitudeoflikebendingruruleslittlebit
andthatmighthavecontributedtoeswmysactionssoitsliketheenvironment
itselfthecultureofmiamiwasalmostpushinghimtowardsthisbehavior
thisinterestingidearightnowtwoexcusesactions
ofcoursebutunderstandthecontextrightsformiswasntoperatinginavacuumumusepartofthesystem
wheremedicurefraudhadbecomerampant
soareyousayingthatifsformashadbeenoperating
andsayruralIAhewouldnthavegonedownthispath
itsimpossibletosayforsure
ofcourse
butgladwellspointisthatwecantseparateindividualactionsfromthelargerforcesatplaytheoverstorymattersokay
imstartingtoseehowthisoverstoryideaconnectstoatippingpoint
itsliketheseculturalundercurrentscanbuildandbuilduntilsuddenlyyouhavethisexplosionofacertainbehaviorwhetheritsbankabberiesormedicarefraud
exactlyitsaboutunderstandingthosesubtleinfluencesthatcanhaveamassiveimpact
anditmakesyouwonder
whataretheoverstories
thatareshapingourownlives
whataretheunspokenruleswerefollowingwithoutevenrealizingithhanotherdeepquestion
maybeillponderthatlater
butfornowletsmoveonapuzzlenumberthree
whichtakesustoatotallydifferentsettingpopllargrowth
thisaffluentpictureperfecttown
thatsdealingwithaverydarkproblem
aclusterofsuicidethischapterisreallyharharbreakingglad
itwilldescribespopergrowthasthishighachievingcommunity
wherekidsareconstantlypressuretoexcelinacademics
sport
everythingislikethispressurecookerenvironment
whereeveryoneisdrivingforperfection
andweallillknowwhathappens
whenyoucreateasystemthatdoesntallowforfailureorindividualityexactlyglad
willtalksaboutthedangersofmonoculturesnotjustnnaturebutsocisocity
wheneveryoneoneisrivingforthesamenarrowdefinitionofsuccess
itcreatesthisvulnerability
justlikeamonocultureofcropscanbewipedoutbyasingledisease
amonocultureofvaluescanleadtoabreakdowninmentalhealth
wow
thatsapowerfulanalogy
soyouresayingthatthepressuretoconformtobeperfect
mighthaveactuallycontributedtothesesuicide
itsacomplexissuebutglad
wellsuggestthatthelackofdiversity
thelackofspacefordifferentpathsanddifferentdefinitionsofsuccess
mighthaveplayedarole
itsareallyimportantpoint
especially
whenyouthinkaboutthemessagesweresendingtoyoungpeopleareweinadvertentlycreatedthesepressurecookerenvironments
thataresettingthemupforfailure
itsdefinitelysomebodytothinkaboutitallcomesbacktothatideaoftheoverstory
whataretheunspokenvalues
thatthetheculturalnorms
thatareshapingourpounities
areourfamiliesevenourownlivesokay
sowevegotthesethreepuzzleslaidoutbank
robberiesandlmedicare
fraudinmiamiandsuicidesinpopulargrowthonthesurface
theyseemtotallyunrelated
butimstartingtoseetheconnections
itsgladdissettingusuptounderstandthisbiggerpictureofiswellinnerconnectedforcesthatareshapingourworld
andthatswhatmakesgladwellsobrilliant
hecantaketheseseeminglydisperateevents
andweavethemtogetherintothisfascinatingtapestry
icantwaittoseewhatotherthreads
hepullsintherestofthebook
metheresjustjustthebeginning
itssobuckleupeveryonebecausewereabouttogoevendeeperintotheworldofwelcome
gladwellandrevengethetippingpoint
kaymybrainisalreadylikebuzzingfromthisfirstthreechapter
andlikerobberies
medicare
fraud
teensuicide
itslikegladwellisshowingusthiswholedarksidesociety
butigottenknowitsnextwhatsthenextlayeroftheunionwellthatswherethingsgetevenmoreinterestinginparttwo
gladwell
shishifsgeresandintroducesustothesesocialengineers
thesearethepeoplewhoactuallyunderstandhowtippingpointswork
andtheytrytousethatacknowledgetoshapesociety
sometimesinreallysurprisingways
socialengineers
its
itsgtocrecreepyhonestlylikewhoarethesepeoplewhothinktheycancontrolthesemassivecomplexsystems
itsagoodquestion
yeahwellgladwellstartsbytakingustothisseeminglyideliccneighborhoodthelawrencetractinpaldtocalifornia
不是的
thiscommunitywasactually
intentionallydesignedtobediverse
butatthistheyhadthisspecificruleinplacenomorethanonethirdoftheresidentscouldbeblackwait
reallythatsounds
kindofdiscriminators
imeanigettheideaofwantingdiversity
butsettingquoterslikethatseemsmsbitssedupyeyesdefinitelycontroversialbutgladwillpresentsitasanexampleofsocialengineering
thisattempttocreateastableintegradecommunitybymanipulatedthedemographics
hetiesitbacktothisideaofthemagicthird
whichwetalkedaboutitrightright
themagicthirdremindhowthatworksagain
sothemagicthirdisbasedontheworkofthissociotistrosebeththmoscounter
shefoundthat
whenaminoritygroupreachesaboutathirdofthetotalpopulation
thewholedynamicshiftstheyhavemoreinfluence
andthegroupasawholebecomesmoreinclusiveandcollaboraso
thelearnstrackresidentswereusingthismagicthirdconcepttotrytopreventwhiteflightandbuildatrulyintegratedcommunity
好的 对的
interestingidea
butdiditactuallyworkwellforawhile
itseemedtobeworkingthecommunitywasthrivingpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundswerelivingininteractinginaway
thatwasprettyrareforthetime
butofcourseitwasntwithoutitschallenges
evenpointablackfamilywantedtobuyahomeinthelawntrack
andiftheymovedinitwouldhavepushedtheblackpopulationoverthatonethirdthreshold
ohwow
sowhatdidtheydo
thattheysticktotheruleormakeanexception
theyactuallyvotedtoappholetherule
eventhoughitmeantturningawayafamily
whowantedtobepartoftheircommunity
itsaonetoughtrackandgladwellwelldoesnttrytogiveeasyanswers
butheusesthisexampletoshowthechallengesofsocialengineering
evenwiththebestintentions
tryingtomanipulatethesecomplexsocialsystemscanleadtounintendedconsequences
rightitslikeplayingfirfiryouthinkyoureincontrol
butthentheflamestartsspreadinginways
youdidntanticipateyeah
okay
sowevegotsocialengineeringhappeningattheneighborhodlevellotherotheramplesdoesgladwalk
ifwellinchapterfhehetakesusintotheworldofitecolleleadmissionsspecificallyharvarduniversity
oh
harvardmissionsthatsamysterywrappininannigmma
iwwdeder
howtheymakethosedisisithatgladaboutgradesandtescoresglad
willarguesthatitswaymorecomplicated
thanthatherevealsthatharvardlikealotofleiteuniversities
operatesonatwotracksystemistheregulartrackforstudentswhoareacademallygifted
andthentheresthealdctrack
aldcitstandsforathletes
legaciesdeeansinterestlistandchildrenoffaculty
basicallyitsaseparatemissionsprocesswithmuchhigheracceptancerates
ahsoitslikethelegacyadvantagebutonsteroids
butwhyathletesigetwantingagoodsportsprogram
butwhygivethemspecialtreatmentinemissions
thatsagreatquestionglad
wellsuggestthatitsnotjustaboutathletics
itsanotherformofsocialengineering
awaytocontcontrolthedemograpccmakeofofthestudentbodyadmittingalargepercentageofathletes
manyofwhomcomefromprivilegedbackgroundsthatvardcouldmaintainacertainbalance
howdontareusingthatharvardisbasicallymanipulatingitsstudentbodythroughitsaflexprograms
thatseemskindofmawellitsdefinitelyathoughprovokingminizthatgladwillpointsofthisironythatwellafirmativeactionforunreprepresentedminoritieshasbeenheavilyscrutinizedkindofafirmativeactionforwealthyathletesgoeslargelyunchallenged
yeahthatsagoodpoint
itslikeadoublestandard
soifyoureabrilliantstudentfromalowincomefamily
yourchancesofgettingintoharvard
mightbelowerthanamediocerstudentwhohappenstobeastarathletefromawealththfamilyfamily
doesntseemveryfairasitsarealethicaldilemmaandgladwelldoesntshinelyfromit
hesnotsayingitsrightorwrong
buthesforcingustolookattheseuncomfortabletruthabouthowpowerinprivilegeworkeveninsystemsthataresupposedtobebasedonmeritalottothinkaboutsowevegotsocialengineeringhappeninginneighborhooduniversities
itsmakingmewonder
whereelseisthishappeningarewealljustpondsinsomegrandsocialexperimentwellenchataftersixgladwellbringsusdowntoearthlitererwithwithststoryaboutspecispecicevent
thebiogenconferenceatthemarriouttlongwarfinboston
infeborary
twenty
twenty
theseeminglyordinaryconferenceturnedouttobeasuperspreadofofanforrecovinnineteenpotentially
hundredsofthousandsofinfectionscanbetracebacktoit
ohwow
irememberhearingaboutthat
itwasoneofthefirstbigcoveetoutbreaksintheUS
butwhatdoesthathavetodowithsocialengineeringinthiscase
itsnotaboutintentionalmanipulation
itsmoreabouthowtheseseeminglyinsignificantmomentscanhavemassiveunintendedconsequences
especiallywhenyouredealingwithinfectiousdiseasesgladwellintroducestheconceptofsuperspreatrers
theseindividualswhoareespeciallyeffectiveattransmittingdiseases
sosoyouretellme
mesomepeoplearejustwalkingdiseasefactories
thatsbothfascinatingandterrifying
howdoesthistiebackintothebiggerthethemesofthebookthoughwellgladwellusesthisexampletoillustratethepowerofrandomess
andhowinterconnecctedourworldreallyishesayingthatwetendtofocusonthebigobviousfactors
butsometimesitsthesmallseeminglyinsignificantdetailsthatcantipthescales
okayimstartingtoseetheconnection
thatslikewecanhaveallthesegrandplansandsocialengineeringschemes
butthensometimestheviruscomeslongandthroroeveryeverythingintochaositsareminderthatwerenotalwayscontcontrol
andsomesometimessmsmleststthings
thebibigestimpactexactlyandandalleyjustperfectlyintopartthreeofthebookworkgladwelldivesintotheoverstorres
嗯allthoselargerforcesthatshapeourworldinwayswedontknowweseewillbelookingatculturalshiftsthepowerstorytelling
andhowtheseseeminglysmallmomentscancreaterippleeffectsthattransformentiresocietiesokayimhopedbringontheoverwory
yeah
okaytheoverstoryimpicturinglikethismassiveredwoodtree
oksomethingwithdeeprootsthatsseenitallwhatsgladwellgettingoutwiththismetaphor
itsactually
yourereallybrilliantmetaphorglad
willusingtheoverstorytorepresentallthoselikereallybistoricalculturalevenpsychologicalforcesthatshapeourworld
youknowtheseforcestheymightbeinvisible
butthereishugeinfluenceonhowwethink
howwebehave
howsocietyschangeinevolve
hestartsbytakingasitdoessomeprettysensitiveperiritorytheholicst
hetellsthestoryofprettydiamond
asurvivor
wholivethroughthehorrorsoftheconcentrationcamps
oh wow
itshardtoevenimaginewhatthosesurvivorswentthrough
butwhatisthishowtodowithtippingpointswellglad
willpointsoutthisstrangephenomenonthatfordecadesafterthewar
thereisthissilencearoundthesurvivors
oftendidnttalkabouttheirexperiences
andevenhistoriansbarelytoucheduponit
itsliketheworldcouldevenprocessthesheermagnitudeofwhatithappenedthatshearbreaking
butitalsomakesyouwonder
why
whyitssilent
itsacomplicatedquestion
forsuretheresthetrauma
thedisbelief
maybeevenadesiretomoveon
youknowtotrytoforgetum
butthenintheateateseventyties
somethingshiftedinNBC
manyseriescalledholocostaired
anditreachedmillionsofviewers
oh yeah
iveheardofthat
manyserieswasprettycontroversial
yeah
ahwassomepeoplecriticizitforbeingoverlysentimatizeded
butyoucantdenizeimpactforthefirsttime
theholicostswasbeingdiscussedopenlyonamassivescale
theshowsparkedalltheseconversations
protests
evenattemptsbyneonnociestolikedisruptthebroadcasts
wow
thisTVshowapieceofpopcultureactuallybecameatippingpointbreakingthesilenceandforcingtheworldconfrontthehorrorsofthehoicus
exactlyitsapowerfulexampleofhowstorytellingcanshapecollectivememory
itsasingleculturaleventcanchangeourwholeunderstandingofhistory
youseeitwasntjustaboutfactsandfigures
itwasaboutconnectingwithpeopleonanemotionallevel
rightsometimesastorycanreachpeopleinawaythatjustcalledhardfactscantitmakesyouthinkaboutthepowerofartofmediory
yeahtoreallyshapehowweseetheworldabsolutely
andthatleadsustochaaftereight
wheregladwellexploresanotherhugeculturalshift
therapidriseofacceptanceforgaymarriage
yeahthatsachange
idefinitelysawmylifetime
itfeelslikejustyesterdayisasuperdivisiveissue
andnowitsthelovetheland
howdidthathappenedsofastglad
willarguesthatwhilethelegalandpoliticalbattleswereobviouslycrucialakeyfactorwasthechangingculturallandscape
andhepointstotheinfluenceoftelevision
specificallythesiiccomwillinglinggrace
willinggrace
theilcomreallyimeanitwasfunny
butineverthoughtofitassomekindofculturalforce
rightitsgoingtohowthesetippingpointsoftenhappenedsosuddenlythroughtheseseeminglyharmlesschannelswillinggrace
whilenotexplicitlypoliticalpresentedgaycharactersasnormalrelameablepeoplejustintegratedintoeverydaylife
sojustbyexisting
bytellingthesestoriesthatresonatewithpeoplewillinggrace
helpnormalizegayrelationshipsinawaythatnopoliticalspeechorlegalargument
evercouldexactlyitshippedawayaprejudicentfearbyhumanizingagroupthatareoftenbeendemonizedorothered
itsatestmenttothepowerofrepresentation
andmakesyourealizehowtheseculturalshiftsoftenhappenbeneaththesurface
youknowthroughthestories
wetellandconsumeitsnotalwaysaboutthesebigpronouncementsorpoliticalvictories
butaboutthesesmalleverydaymomentsthatchangehowweseetheworldokayigottosayimblownawaybythiswholeoverstoryconceptglad
whilsconnectinghoicusremembrancetoatvtheseseriesingaymarriageacceptancetoasitcomsahesayingeverythingisconnected
andhebringsitallhomeinchapternine
whereherevisitstheopioidepidemic
butthroughthislensoftheoverstory
rightwetalkedaboutthewholeproducepharmascandalearlier
buthowdoesthatfitintothisbiggerpicture
wellglad
welltracestheoriginsoftheepidemic
backbacktoshiftinththinkingthepainmanagement
itwasspeerheadedbydoctorslikecrosslportnoywhoarguedthatoppoidsweresafeandeffectivefortreatingchronpain
soitchangedmedicalthinkinganewsetofbeliefs
becameatippingpointthatledtothismassiveincreaseinopbiateprescriptionexactly
andthenyouhaveproducefarmersseenthishugemarketopportunity
andmaybestartaggressivelypromotingoxycottontodoctorswelldownplayingtherisksofaddictionsoperfect
exampleofhowculturalforces
economicconcentivesandindividualchoicescanallcometogethertocreatecrisismakesyouwonderiffortooquicktoblameindividuals
wheninreality
itstheselargersystemsthatareoftenatplay
thatsexactlygladitillspoint
ifwewanttosolvethesecomplexproblems
wecantjustfocusonthesymptoms
wehavetounderstandtherootcausestheoverstorythatshapesourdecisionsinourbehaviors
wow
whatajourney
thishasbeenfrombankrobberiestothehoiccosttotheoppoidcrisis
gladwellhastakenusthroughthisincredibletapistryofhumanbehavior
showingushowtheseseeminglyrandomeventsareallconnectedbythisideaofthetippingpointpointitsclassicladwellisntithemakestoseetheworldinatotallynewlight
helpingusrecognizethosehidenconnectionsandthepoweroftheseseeminglysmallthingstocreatemassivechange
itsreallymyblongs
sowhatdowedowithallthisknowledgeabouttippingpoints
howdoweapplyittoourownlives
thatsthemilliondollarquestiongladwilldoesntofferanyeasyanswers
buthedoesencourageustobemoreaware
topayattentiontothosesettlesshiitstounderstandthatouractionsnomatterhowsmallcanhavetheseribeleffects
maybewecanevenlearntoseethosetippingpointscomingandsteertheminapositivedirection
thatsapowerfulthought
soifyoureadytohaveyourmindblownwideopenahighlyrecommendcheckingoutrevengeofthetippingpoint
itsabookthatwillstaywithyoulongafterafinishedlastpage
couldcouldagreemore
itsamustreadforanyonewhowantstounderstandafterhigdenforforcesthatshapeourworld
andonthatnotewillwrapupthesteepdive
thanksforjoiningusonthisfascinatingjourney
